Source http://en.wikipedia.org

Lampreys live mostly in coastal and fresh waters, although some species, (e.g. Geotria australis, Petromyzon marinus, Entosphenus tridentatus) travel significant distances in the open ocean, as evidenced by their lack of reproductive isolation between populations. They are found in most temperate regions except those in Africa. Their larvae (ammocoetes) have a low tolerance for high water temperatures, which may explain why they are not distributed in the tropics.

Adults physically resemble eels, in that they have no scales, and can range anywhere from 13 to 100 centimetres (5 to 40 inches) long. Lacking paired fins, adult lampreys have large eyes, one nostril on the top of the head, and seven gill pores on each side of the head. The unique morphological characteristics of lampreys, such as their cartilaginous skeleton, suggest that they are the sister taxon (see cladistics) of all living jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), and are usually considered the most basal group of the Vertebrata. They feed on prey as adults by attaching their mouthparts to the target animal’s body, then using their teeth to cut through surface tissues until they reach blood and body fluid. They will generally not attack humans unless starved. Hagfish, which superficially resemble lampreys, are the sister taxon of the true vertebrates (lampreys and gnathostomes).

Lampreys provide valuable insight into the evolution of the adaptive immune system, as they possess a convergently evolved adaptive immunity with cells that function like the T cells and B cells seen in higher vertebrates. Lamprey leukocytes express surface variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) generated from somatic recombination of leucine-rich repeats gene segments in a recombination activating gene-independent manner.

Geotria australis larvae also have a very high tolerance for free iron in the body, and have well-developed biochemical systems for detoxification of the large quantities of this metal.

fresh seafood, Types of Seafood

Source http://en.wikipedia.org

Lampreys (sometimes also called lamprey eels) are a family of jawless fish, whose adults are characterized by a toothed, funnel-like sucking mouth. Translated from a mixture of Latin and Greek, lamprey means stone lickers (lambere: to lick, and petra: stone). While lampreys are well-known for those species which bore into the flesh of other fish to suck their blood, most species of lamprey are non-parasitic and never feed on other fish. In zoology, lampreys are sometimes not considered to be true fish because of their distinctive morphology and physiology. The lampreys are the basal group of vertebrata (hagfishes are actually not vertebrates, but craniates).

fresh seafood, Types of Seafood

Taxonomy
Source http://en.wikipedia.org

Some researchers have classified lampreys as the sole surviving representatives of the Linnean class Cephalaspidomorphi. Fossil evidence now suggests that lampreys and cephalaspids acquired their shared characters by convergent evolution. As such, many newer works such as the fourth edition of Fishes of the World classify lampreys in a separate group called Petromyzontida (or Hyperoartia).

The lampreys entail the single order Petromyzontiformes and family Petromyzontidae.

The following taxonomy is based upon the treatment by FishBase as of February 2011. Within this family, there are 43 recorded species in eight genera and three subfamilies:

Subfamily Geotriinae
Genus Geotria
Subfamily Mordaciinae
Genus Mordacia
Subfamily Petromyzontinae
Genus Caspiomyzon
Genus Eudontomyzon
Genus Ichthyomyzon
Genus Lampetra
Genus Lethenteron
Genus Petromyzon

Taxonomists[who?] place lampreys and hagfish in the Subphylum Vertebrata of the phylum Chordata, which also includes the invertebrate subphyla Tunicata (sea-squirts) and the fish-like Cephalochordata (lancelets or `Amphioxus’). Recent molecular and morphological phylogenetic studies place lampreys and hagfish in the super-class Agnatha or Agnathostomata (both meaning without jaws). The other vertebrate super-class is Gnathostomata (jawed mouths) and includes the classes Chondrichthyes (sharks), Osteichthyes (bony fishes), Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves (birds), and Mammalia.

seafood, Types of Seafood

Source http://en.wikipedia.org
Uses
Larger lamprey in a restaurant tank about to be cooked and served.
Portuguese Lamprey rice.

Lampreys have long been used as food for humans. They were highly appreciated by ancient Romans. During the Middle Ages, they were widely eaten by the upper classes throughout Europe, especially during fasting periods, since their taste is much meatier than that of most true fish. King Henry I of England is said to have died from eating “a surfeit of lampreys”. On March 4th, 1953, Queen Elizabeth’s coronation pie was made by the Royal Air Force using lampreys.[citation needed]

Especially in southwestern Europe (Portugal, Spain, and France), larger lampreys are still a highly prized delicacy. Overfishing has reduced their number in those parts. Lampreys are also consumed in Sweden, Finland, Russia, the Baltic countries and South Korea. In Britain, lampreys are commonly used as bait, normally as dead bait. Pike, perch and chub all can be caught on lampreys. Lampreys can be bought frozen from most bait and tackle shops.

seafood, Types of Seafood

As pests
Lampreys attached to a lake trout.

Sea lampreys have become a major plague in the North American Great Lakes after artificial canals allowed their entry during the early 20th century. They are considered an invasive species, have no natural enemies in the lakes and prey on many species of commercial value, such as lake trout. Lampreys are now found mostly in the streams that feed the lakes, with special barriers to prevent the upstream movement of adults, or by the application of toxicants called lampricides, which are harmless to most other aquatic species. However those programs are complicated and expensive, and do not eradicate the lampreys from the lakes but merely keep them in check. New programs are being developed including the use of chemically sterilized male lamprey in a method akin to the sterile insect technique. Research currently under way on the use of pheromones and how they may be used to disrupt the life cycle (Sorensen, et al., 2005) has met with some success. Control of sea lampreys in the Great Lakes is conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans. The work is coordinated by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission.

Lake Champlain, bordered by New York State, Vermont, and Quebec, and New York’s Finger Lakes are also home to populations of sea lampreys whose high populations have warranted control. Lake Champlain’s lamprey control program is managed by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. New York’s Finger Lakes sea lamprey control program is managed solely by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.

seafood, Types of Seafood

Research

The lamprey has been extensively studied because it has a relatively simple brain that is thought in many respects to reflect the brain structure of early vertebrate ancestors. Beginning in the 1970s, Sten Grillner and his colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm have used the lamprey as a model system to work out the fundamental principles of motor control in vertebrates, starting in the spinal cord and working upward into the brain.In a series of studies, they found that neural circuits within the spinal cord are capable of generating the rhythmic motor patterns that underlie swimming, that these circuits are controlled by specific locomotor areas in the brainstem and midbrain, and that these areas in turn are controlled by higher brain structures including the basal ganglia and tectum. In a study of the lamprey tectum published in 2007, they found that electrical stimulation could elicit eye movements, lateral bending movements, or swimming activity, and that the type, amplitude, and direction of movement varied as a function of the location within the tectum that was stimulated. These findings were interpreted as consistent with the idea that the tectum generates goal-directed locomotion in the lamprey as it does in other species.

Lampreys are used as a model organism in biomedical research where their large reticulospinal axons are used to investigate synaptic transmission. The axons of lamprey are particularly large and allow for microinjection of substances for experimental manipulation.

seafood, Types of Seafood

Source Wikipedia
In literature
Illustration from an edition of Tacuinum Sanitatis, 15th century.

Vedius Pollio was punished by Augustus for attempting to feed a clumsy slave to the lampreys in his fishpond.

…one of his slaves had broken a crystal cup. Vedius ordered him to be seized and then put to death, but in an unusual way. He ordered him to be thrown to the huge lampreys which he had in his fish pond. Who would not think he did this for display? Yet it was out of cruelty. The boy slipped from the captor’s hands and fled to Caesar’s feet asking nothing else other than a different way to die — he did not want to be eaten. Caesar was moved by the novelty of the cruelty and ordered him to be released, all the crystal cups to be broken before his eyes, and the fish pond to be filled in… – Seneca, On Anger, III, 40

Crassus was mocked by Domitius for weeping over the death of his pet lamprey:

So, when Domitius said to Crassus the orator, Did not you weep for the death of the lamprey you kept in your fishpond? — Did not you, said Crassus to him again, bury three wives without ever shedding a tear? – Plutarch, On the Intelligence of Animals, 976a

This story is also found in Aelian (Various Histories VII, 4) and Macrobius (Saturnalia III.15.3). It is included by Hugo von Hofmannsthal in the Chandos Letter:

And in my mind I compare myself from time to time with the orator Crassus, of whom it is reported that he grew so excessively enamoured of a tame lamprey – a dumb, apathetic, red-eyed fish in his ornamental pond – that it became the talk of the town; and when one day in the Senate Domitius reproached him for having shed tears over the death of this fish, attempting thereby to make him appear a fool, Crassus answered, “Thus have I done over the death of my fish as you have over the death of neither your first nor your second wife.”

I know not how oft this Crassus with his lamprey enters my mind as a mirrored image of my Self, reflected across the abyss of centuries.

“Lampreys have been seen before attacking a human in the great lakes. The lamprey let go a few seconds later after realizing its mistake. The man (who chose to be not named) was taken to the hospital with various injuries.” – From the Jules Verne’s novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.

fresh seafood, seafood, Types of Seafood

Source wikipedia
Folklore

Lampreys are called “nine-eyed eels” (i.e., per side) from a counting of their seven external gill slits on a side with one eye and the nostril. A German word for lampreys is `Neunauge(n)’ which means `nine-eye(s).

seafood, Types of Seafood

Anchovies are a family (Engraulidae) of small, common salt-water forage fish. There are about 140 species in 16 genera, found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Anchovies are usually classified as an oily fish.
Description
Anchovies are small, green fish with blue reflections due to a silver longitudinal stripe that runs from the base of the caudal fin. They range from 2 centimeters (0.79 in) to 40 centimeters (16 in) in adult length, and the body shape is variable with more slender fish in northern populations.

The snout is blunt with tiny, sharp teeth in both jaws. The snout contains a unique rostral organ, believed to be sensory in nature, although its exact function is unknown. The mouth is larger than that of herrings and silversides, two fish anchovies closely resemble in other respects. The anchovy eats plankton and fry (recently-hatched fish).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovy

seafood, Types of Seafood

September 21, 2011, Cyprus – The Life Ocean Limited company is ready to introduce a new investment opportunity that would blow the market of premium-class food. For the last 5 years we’ve been preparing our business triumph and now we are happy to announce that we have recently purchase stock shares of a Norwegian company that operates lobster breeding and export for the most famous restaurants of the world. September 21, 2011, Cyprus – The Life Ocean Limited company is ready to introduce a new investment opportunity that would blow the market of premium-class food. For the last 5 years we’ve been preparing our business triumph and now we are happy to announce that we have recently purchase stock shares of a Norwegian company that operates lobster breeding and export for the most famous restaurants of the world.

Some kinds of seafood have always been a luxury for the ordinary people. Definite types of shrimps, octopus, fish became the most expensive food in the world because of many reasons: extinction, complex cooking process, expensive raw materials, etc.

Lobsters are in the list of these extra-luxurious items of menu in a good restaurant. The reason for this is mostly their tiny amount that gets fewer every year. However, this was until the oceanists discovered the way to breed the lobster in special sea farms without any harm to environment and, especially, to ocean wildlife.

Now and later you are finally able to enjoy the taste of delicious seafood without feeling sorry for the nature that gave us too much and didn’t get anything back. Special sea farms in Norway are producing thousands of tons of ready-to-go products in order to export it all over the world.

Special conditions used in these sea farms help to renew the quantity balance of lobsters in nature. Due to scientific laboratories the pools with lobster differ from ordinary ocean water. Increased temperature of water and well-balanced food results into a mature breed in 2 years from birth.

Marvin Tanon, the CEO of the company, comments on the deal: “We are proud to have purchased a company like this. Now we can not only provide the war for the most exclusive restaurants in the world, but also to help save our environment and renew the balance of life in the ocean”

This time you have an excellent opportunity to invest in this extra-profitable market sector. Take the opportunity to enrich and make your capital helping the nature!

Contact information:

21, Karaiskaki Street, Oasis Center, 6th floor, Office 611
CY-3724, Limassol, Cyprus

Headquarters Address:

21, Karaiskaki Street, Oasis Center, 6th floor, Office 611
CY-3724, Limassol, Cyprus

http://pr-usa.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=890263&Itemid=32

fresh seafood, seafood, Types of Seafood